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<title>Comedian</title>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Comedian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Comedian (disambiguation)">Comedian (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Comedian</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> in <i><a href="The_Champion_(1915_film)" title="The Champion (1915 film)">The Champion</a></i> (1915).</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Occupation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">

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<ul><li>Comedian</li>

<li>comic</li>

<li>clown</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Occupation type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing art</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Activity sectors</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Comedy_(drama)" title="Comedy (drama)">Theatre</a></li>

<li><a href="Comedy_album" title="Comedy album">sound recording</a></li>

<li><a href="Radio_comedy" title="Radio comedy">radio</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_comedy" title="Television comedy">television</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Description</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Competencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Acting" title="Acting">Acting</a></li>

<li><a href="Dance" title="Dance">dance</a> (optional)</li>

<li><a href="Magic_(illusion)" title="Magic (illusion)">magic</a> (optional)</li>

<li><a href="Singing" title="Singing">singing</a> (optional)</li>

<li><a href="Ventriloquism" title="Ventriloquism">ventriloquism</a> (optional)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related jobs</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Humorist" title="Humorist">Humorist</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>A <b>comedian</b> (feminine <b>comedienne</b>) or <b>comic</b> is a person who seeks to <a href="Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertain</a> an <a href="Audience" title="Audience">audience</a> by making them <a href="Laughter" title="Laughter">laugh</a>. This might be through <a href="Joke" title="Joke">jokes</a> or <a href="Amusing" class="mw-redirect" title="Amusing">amusing</a> situations, or acting foolishly (as in <a href="Slapstick" title="Slapstick">slapstick</a>), or employing <a href="Prop_comedy" title="Prop comedy">prop comedy</a>. A comedian who addresses an audience directly is called a <a href="Stand-up_comedy" title="Stand-up comedy">stand-up comedian</a>.

</p><p>A popular saying often attributed to <a href="Ed_Wynn" title="Ed Wynn">Ed Wynn</a> states: "A comic says funny things; a comedian says things funny."<sup id="cite_ref-Bartleby_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bartleby-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This draws a distinction between how much of the <a href="Comedy_(drama)" title="Comedy (drama)">comedy</a> can be attributed to verbal content and how much to acting and persona.

</p><p>Since the 1980s, a new wave of comedy, called <a href="Alternative_comedy" title="Alternative comedy">alternative comedy</a>, has grown in popularity with its more offbeat and experimental style. This normally involves more experiential, or observational reporting (e.g., <a href="Alexei_Sayle" title="Alexei Sayle">Alexei Sayle</a>, <a href="Daniel_Tosh" title="Daniel Tosh">Daniel Tosh</a>, <a href="Malcolm_Hardee" title="Malcolm Hardee">Malcolm Hardee</a>). As far as content is concerned, comedians such as <a href="Tommy_Tiernan" title="Tommy Tiernan">Tommy Tiernan</a>, <a href="Des_Bishop" title="Des Bishop">Des Bishop</a>, <a href="Kevin_Hart" title="Kevin Hart">Kevin Hart</a>, and <a href="Dawn_French" title="Dawn French">Dawn French</a> draw on their background to poke fun at themselves, while others such as <a href="Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Jon Stewart</a>, <a href="Ben_Elton" title="Ben Elton">Ben Elton</a> and <a href="Sarah_Silverman" title="Sarah Silverman">Sarah Silverman</a> have very strong political and cultural undertones.

</p><p>Many comics achieve a <a href="Cult_following" title="Cult following">cult following</a> while touring famous comedy hubs such as the <a href="Just_for_Laughs" title="Just for Laughs">Just for Laughs</a> festival in <a href="Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, the <a href="Edinburgh_Fringe" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh Fringe">Edinburgh Fringe</a>, and <a href="Melbourne_Comedy_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Comedy Festival">Melbourne Comedy Festival</a> in <a href="Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. Often a comic's career advances significantly when they win a notable comedy award, such as the <a href="Edinburgh_Comedy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh Comedy Award">Edinburgh Comedy Award</a> (formerly the Perrier comedy award). Comics sometimes foray into other areas of entertainment, such as film and television, where they become more widely known (e.g., <a href="Eddie_Izzard" title="Eddie Izzard">Eddie Izzard</a>, <a href="Lee_Evans_(comedian)" title="Lee Evans (comedian)">Lee Evans</a>). A comic's stand-up success does not always correlate to a film's critical or box-office success.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Greeks">Ancient Greeks</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Ancient_Greek_comedy" title="Ancient Greek comedy">Ancient Greek comedy</a></div>

<p>Comedians can be dated back to 425 BC, when <a href="Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>, a comic author, and playwright, wrote ancient comedic plays. He wrote 40 comedies, 11 of which survive and are still being performed. Aristophanes' comedy style took the form of <a href="Satyr_plays" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyr plays">satyr plays</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shakespearean_comedy">Shakespearean comedy</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Shakespearean_comedy" title="Shakespearean comedy">Shakespearean comedy</a></div>

<p>The English poet and playwright <a href="William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> wrote many comedies. A Shakespearean comedy is one that has a happy ending, usually involving marriages between the unmarried characters, and a tone and style that is more light-hearted than Shakespeare's other plays.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="History_of_stand-up_comedy" title="History of stand-up comedy">History of stand-up comedy</a></div>

<p>American performance comedy has its roots in the 1840s from the <a href="Three-act_structure" title="Three-act structure">three-act</a>, <a href="Variety_show" title="Variety show">variety show</a> format of <a href="Minstrel_show" title="Minstrel show">minstrel shows</a> (via <a href="Blackface" title="Blackface">blackface</a> performances of the <a href="Jim_Crow_(character)" title="Jim Crow (character)">Jim Crow character</a>); <a href="Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a> criticized these shows for profiting from and perpetuating <a href="Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minstrelsy <a href="Monologist" title="Monologist">monologists</a> performed second-act, <a href="Stump_speech_(minstrelsy)" title="Stump speech (minstrelsy)">stump-speech monologues</a> from within minstrel shows until 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American standup also emerged in <a href="Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> theatre from the 1880s to the 1930s, with such comics as <a href="W._C._Fields" title="W. C. Fields">W. C. Fields</a>, <a href="Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a> and the <a href="Marx_Brothers" title="Marx Brothers">Marx Brothers</a>.

</p><p>British performance comedy has its roots in 1850 <a href="Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a> theatres, where <a href="Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, <a href="Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel">Stan Laurel</a>, and <a href="Dan_Leno" title="Dan Leno">Dan Leno</a> first performed,<sup id="cite_ref-Karno_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karno-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentored by comedian and theatre impresario <a href="Fred_Karno" title="Fred Karno">Fred Karno</a>, who developed a form of sketch comedy without dialogue in the 1890s and also pioneered <a href="Slapstick_comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Slapstick comedy">slapstick comedy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Karno_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karno-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div>

<p>In the modern era, as technology produced forms of <a href="Mass_media" title="Mass media">mass communications media</a>, these were adapted to entertainment and comedians adapted to the new media, sometimes switching to new forms as they were introduced.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stand-up">Stand-up</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Stand-up_comedy" title="Stand-up comedy">Stand-up comedy</a></div>

<p>Stand-up comedy is a comic <a href="Monologue" title="Monologue">monologue</a> performed standing on a stage.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> became the most popular stand-up comedian of the 20th century in a nearly 80-year career that included numerous <a href="Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">comedy film</a> roles over a five-decade span in radio, television, and entertaining armed-service troops through the <a href="USO" class="mw-redirect" title="USO">USO</a>. Other noted stand-up comedians include <a href="Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce">Lenny Bruce</a>, <a href="Billy_Connolly" title="Billy Connolly">Billy Connolly</a>, <a href="George_Carlin" title="George Carlin">George Carlin</a>, <a href="Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a>, <a href="Victoria_Wood" title="Victoria Wood">Victoria Wood</a>, <a href="Joan_Rivers" title="Joan Rivers">Joan Rivers</a>, <a href="Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a> and <a href="Jo_Brand" title="Jo Brand">Jo Brand</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audio_recording">Audio recording</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Comedy_album" title="Comedy album">Comedy album</a></div>

<p>Some of the earliest commercial sound recordings were made by standup comedians such as <a href="Cal_Stewart" title="Cal Stewart">Cal Stewart</a>, who recorded collections of his humorous monologues on <a href="Edison_Records" title="Edison Records">Edison Records</a> as early as 1898, and other labels until his death in 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Bandleader <a href="Spike_Jones" title="Spike Jones">Spike Jones</a> recorded 15 musical comedy <a href="Album" title="Album">albums</a> satirizing popular and <a href="Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> from 1950 to his death in 1965. <a href="Tom_Lehrer" title="Tom Lehrer">Tom Lehrer</a> wrote and recorded five albums of songs <a href="Satire" title="Satire">satirizing</a> political and social issues from 1953 to 1965. Musician <a href="Peter_Schickele" title="Peter Schickele">Peter Schickele</a>, inspired by Jones, parodied <a href="Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> with 17 albums of his music which he presented as written by "<a href="P.D.Q._Bach" class="mw-redirect" title="P.D.Q. Bach">P.D.Q. Bach</a>" (fictional son of <a href="Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a>) from 1965 through 2007.

</p><p>In 1968, radio <a href="Surreal_comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Surreal comedy">surreal comedy</a> group <a href="The_Firesign_Theatre" title="The Firesign Theatre">The Firesign Theatre</a> revolutionized the concept of the spoken comedy album by writing and recording elaborate radio plays employing <a href="Sound_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound effects">sound effects</a> and <a href="Multitrack_recording" title="Multitrack recording">multitrack recording</a>, which comedian <a href="Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a> called "the audio equivalent of a <a href="Hieronymous_Bosch" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieronymous Bosch">Hieronymous Bosch</a> painting." Comedy duo <a href="Cheech_and_Chong" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheech and Chong">Cheech and Chong</a> recorded comedy albums in a similar format from 1971 through 1985.

</p>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Comedy film</a></div>

<p>Karno took Chaplin and Laurel on two trips to the United States to tour the vaudeville circuit. On the second one, they were recruited by the fledgling <a href="Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a> industry. Chaplin became the most popular screen comedian of the first half of the 20th century. Chaplin and <a href="Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel">Stan Laurel</a> were protégés of <a href="Fred_Karno" title="Fred Karno">Fred Karno</a>, the English theatre impresario of British <a href="Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a>, and in his biography Laurel stated, "Fred Karno didn't teach Charlie [Chaplin] and me all we know about comedy. He just taught us most of it".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chaplin wrote films such as <i><a href="Modern_Times_(film)" title="Modern Times (film)">Modern Times</a></i> and <i><a href="The_Kid_(1921_film)" title="The Kid (1921 film)">The Kid</a></i>. His films still have a major impact on comedy in films today.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Laurel met <a href="Oliver_Hardy" title="Oliver Hardy">Oliver Hardy</a> in the US and teamed up as <a href="Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a>. Keaton also started making silent comedies.

</p><p>Fields appeared in Broadway <a href="Musical_comedies" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical comedies">musical comedies</a>, three silent films in 1915 and 1925, and in <a href="Sound_film" title="Sound film">sound films</a> starting in 1926. The Marx brothers also made the transition to film in 1929, by way of two Broadway musicals.

</p><p>Many other comedians made sound films, such as Bob Hope (both alone, and in a series of "<a href="Road_to_..." title="Road to ...">Road to ...</a>" comedies with partner <a href="Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>), <a href="Ventriloquist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventriloquist">ventriloquist</a> <a href="Edgar_Bergen" title="Edgar Bergen">Edgar Bergen</a>, and <a href="Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> (both with and without partner <a href="Martin_and_Lewis" title="Martin and Lewis">Dean Martin</a>).

</p><p>Some comedians who entered film expanded their acting skills to become dramatic actors, or started as actors specializing in comic roles, such as <a href="Dick_Van_Dyke" title="Dick Van Dyke">Dick Van Dyke</a>, <a href="Paul_Lynde" title="Paul Lynde">Paul Lynde</a>, <a href="Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a>, <a href="Bill_Murray" title="Bill Murray">Bill Murray</a> and <a href="Denis_Leary" title="Denis Leary">Denis Leary</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Radio_comedy" title="Radio comedy">Radio comedy</a></div>

<p>Radio comedy began in the United States when <a href="Raymond_Knight_(radio)" title="Raymond Knight (radio)">Raymond Knight</a> launched <i><a href="The_Cuckoo_Hour" title="The Cuckoo Hour">The Cuckoo Hour</a></i> on <a href="NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> in 1930,<sup id="cite_ref-Hickerson_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hickerson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with the 1931 network debut of <a href="Stoopnagle_and_Budd" title="Stoopnagle and Budd">Stoopnagle and Budd</a> on <a href="CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>. Most of the Hollywood comedians who did not become dramatic actors (e.g. Bergen, Fields, <a href="Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho</a> and <a href="Chico_Marx" title="Chico Marx">Chico Marx</a>, <a href="Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a>, <a href="Jack_Benny" title="Jack Benny">Jack Benny</a>, <a href="Fred_Allen" title="Fred Allen">Fred Allen</a>, <a href="Judy_Canova" title="Judy Canova">Judy Canova</a>, Hope, <a href="Martin_and_Lewis" title="Martin and Lewis">Martin and Lewis</a>), transitioned to United States radio in the 1930s and 1940s.

These programs had a ready supply of Hollywood comedians to draw from, including the cream of British <a href="Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a> talent.

</p><p>Restrained by the conservative values of the nation's only broadcaster (<a href="BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC</a>), radio comedy did not develop in the United Kingdom until a generation later, when wartime morale demanded a greater emphasis on light entertainment. Popular shows included <i><a href="Danger_%E2%80%93_Men_at_Work!" title="Danger – Men at Work!">Danger – Men at Work!</a></i>, <i><a href="It's_That_Man_Again" title="It's That Man Again">ITMA</a></i>, and <i><a href="Much-Binding-in-the-Marsh" title="Much-Binding-in-the-Marsh">Much-Binding-in-the-Marsh</a></i>. These led to the post-war development of such hits as <i><a href="The_Goon_Show" title="The Goon Show">The Goon Show</a></i> and <i><a href="Hancock's_Half_Hour" title="Hancock's Half Hour">Hancock's Half Hour</a></i>. Radio became a proving-ground for many later United Kingdom comedians. <a href="Chris_Morris_(satirist)" title="Chris Morris (satirist)">Chris Morris</a> began his career in 1986 at <a href="BBC_Radio_Cambridgeshire" title="BBC Radio Cambridgeshire">Radio Cambridgeshire</a>, and <a href="Ricky_Gervais" title="Ricky Gervais">Ricky Gervais</a> began his comedy career in 1997 at <a href="London" title="London">London</a> radio station <a href="Radio_X_(United_Kingdom)" title="Radio X (United Kingdom)">XFM</a>. <i><a href="The_League_of_Gentlemen" title="The League of Gentlemen">The League of Gentlemen</a></i>, <a href="Mitchell_and_Webb" title="Mitchell and Webb">Mitchell and Webb</a> and <a href="The_Mighty_Boosh" title="The Mighty Boosh">The Mighty Boosh</a> all transferred to television after broadcasting on <a href="BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Television_comedy" title="Television comedy">Television comedy</a></div>

<p>On television there are comedy talk shows where comedians make fun of current news or popular topics. Such comedians include <a href="Jay_Leno" title="Jay Leno">Jay Leno</a>, <a href="Conan_O'Brien" title="Conan O'Brien">Conan O'Brien</a>, <a href="Graham_Norton" title="Graham Norton">Graham Norton</a>, <a href="Jim_Jefferies_(comedian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Jefferies (comedian)">Jim Jefferies</a>, <a href="James_Corden" title="James Corden">James Corden</a>, <a href="John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">John Oliver</a>, <a href="Jonathan_Ross" title="Jonathan Ross">Jonathan Ross</a>, <a href="David_Letterman" title="David Letterman">David Letterman</a>, and <a href="Chelsea_Handler" title="Chelsea Handler">Chelsea Handler</a>. There are sketch comedies, such as <i><a href="Mr._Show_with_Bob_and_David" title="Mr. Show with Bob and David">Mr. Show with Bob and David</a></i> and <a href="Monty_Python" title="Monty Python">Monty Python</a> who created their sketch comedy show <i><a href="Monty_Python's_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus">Monty Python's Flying Circus</a></i> (a <a href="BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> show that influenced <i><a href="Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i>), and sitcoms, such as <i><a href="Roseanne" title="Roseanne">Roseanne</a></i>, <i><a href="Only_Fools_and_Horses" title="Only Fools and Horses">Only Fools and Horses</a></i>, and <i><a href="Not_Going_Out" title="Not Going Out">Not Going Out</a></i>, as well as popular panel shows like <i><a href="The_Big_Fat_Quiz_of_the_Year" title="The Big Fat Quiz of the Year">The Big Fat Quiz of the Year</a></i>, <i><a href="Have_I_Got_News_for_You" title="Have I Got News for You">Have I Got News for You</a></i>, and <i><a href="Celebrity_Juice" title="Celebrity Juice">Celebrity Juice</a></i>. The most acclaimed sitcoms include <i><a href="Seinfeld" title="Seinfeld">Seinfeld</a></i> and <i><a href="The_Big_Bang_Theory" title="The Big Bang Theory">The Big Bang Theory</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet">Internet</h3></div>

<p>Comedy is increasingly enjoyed online. Several comedians got their start through the internet such as <a href="Bo_Burnham" title="Bo Burnham">Bo Burnham </a>. Comedians streaming videos of their stand-up include <a href="Bridget_Christie" title="Bridget Christie">Bridget Christie</a>, <a href="Louis_C.K." title="Louis C.K.">Louis C.K.</a> and <a href="Daniel_Kitson" title="Daniel Kitson">Daniel Kitson</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jokes">Jokes</h2></div>

<p>There are many established formats for jokes. One example is the <a href="Pun" title="Pun">pun</a> or double-entendre, where similar words are interchanged. <i><a href="The_Two_Ronnies" title="The Two Ronnies">The Two Ronnies</a></i> often used puns and double-entendre.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Stewart_Francis" title="Stewart Francis">Stewart Francis</a> and <a href="Tim_Vine" title="Tim Vine">Tim Vine</a> are examples of current comedians who deploy numerous puns. Jokes based on puns tend to be very quick and easy to digest, which sometimes leads to other joke forms being overlooked, for example in the Funniest Joke of the Fringe awards. Other jokes may rely on confounding an audience's expectations through a misleading setup (known as a 'pull back and reveal' in the UK and a 'leadaway' in the US).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Ed_Byrne_(comedian)" title="Ed Byrne (comedian)">Ed Byrne</a> is an example of a comedian who has used this technique.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some jokes are based on <a href="Ad_absurdum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad absurdum">ad absurdum</a> extrapolations, for example much of <a href="Richard_Herring" title="Richard Herring">Richard Herring</a> and <a href="Ross_Noble" title="Ross Noble">Ross Noble</a>'s standup.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="Irony" title="Irony">ironic</a> humour there is an intentional mismatch between a message and the form in which it is conveyed (for example the work of <a href="Danielle_Ward" title="Danielle Ward">Danielle Ward</a>). Other joke forms include observation (<a href="Michael_McIntyre" title="Michael McIntyre">Michael McIntyre</a>), whimsy (<a href="David_O'Doherty" title="David O'Doherty">David O'Doherty</a>), self-deprecation (<a href="Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a>) and parody (<a href="Diane_Morgan" title="Diane Morgan">Diane Morgan</a>).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personality_traits">Personality traits</h2></div>

<p>In a January 2014 study, conducted in the <i><a href="British_Journal_of_Psychiatry" title="British Journal of Psychiatry">British Journal of Psychiatry</a></i>, scientists found that comedians tend to have high levels of <a href="Psychotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychotic">psychotic</a> personality traits. In the study, researchers analyzed 404 male and 119 female comedians from <a href="Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a>, and the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. The participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire designed to measure psychotic traits in healthy people. They found that comedians scored "significantly higher on four types of psychotic characteristics compared to a control group of people who had non-creative jobs." Gordon Claridge, a professor of experimental psychology at the <a href="University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> and leader of the study claimed, "the creative elements needed to produce humor are strikingly similar to those characterizing the cognitive style of people with psychosis—both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder."<sup id="cite_ref-Kelland-Psychotic_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelland-Psychotic-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, labeling comedians' personality traits as "psychotic" does not mean that individual is a psychopath,<sup id="cite_ref-Seubsaeng-Study_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seubsaeng-Study-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cooper-White_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper-White-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since <a href="Psychopathy" title="Psychopathy">psychopathy</a> is distinct from <a href="Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a>, and neither does it mean their behavior is necessarily pathological.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Highest-paid_comedians">Highest-paid comedians</h2></div>

<p><i><a href="Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> publishes an annual list of the most financially successful comedians in the world, similarly to their <a href="Forbes_Celebrity_100" title="Forbes Celebrity 100">Celebrity 100 list</a>. Their data sources include <a href="Nielsen_Media_Research" title="Nielsen Media Research">Nielsen Media Research</a>, <a href="Pollstar" title="Pollstar">Pollstar</a>, <a href="Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a> and <a href="IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The list was topped by <a href="Jerry_Seinfeld" title="Jerry Seinfeld">Jerry Seinfeld</a> from 2006 until 2015, who lost the title to <a href="Kevin_Hart" title="Kevin Hart">Kevin Hart</a> in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that year, the eight highest paid comedians were from the United States, including <a href="Amy_Schumer" title="Amy Schumer">Amy Schumer</a>, who became the first woman to be listed in the top ten.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The top ten of 2016 are as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<th>Rank

</th>

<th>Name

</th>

<th>Annual earnings (<a href="United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a>)

</th>

<th><a href="Citizenship" title="Citizenship">Nationality</a>

</th>

<th>Age

</th>

<th>Notable works

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>1

</td>

<td><a href="Kevin_Hart" title="Kevin Hart">Kevin Hart</a>

</td>

<td>$87.5 million

</td>

<td rowspan="8">United States

</td>

<td>38

</td>

<td><i><a href="Kevin_Hart%3A_Let_Me_Explain" title="Kevin Hart: Let Me Explain">Kevin Hart: Let Me Explain</a></i>, <i><a href="Ride_Along_(film)" title="Ride Along (film)">Ride Along</a></i>, <i><a href="The_Secret_Life_of_Pets" title="The Secret Life of Pets">The Secret Life of Pets</a></i>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>2

</td>

<td><a href="Jerry_Seinfeld" title="Jerry Seinfeld">Jerry Seinfeld</a>

</td>

<td>$43.5 million

</td>

<td>63

</td>

<td><i><a href="Seinfeld" title="Seinfeld">Seinfeld</a></i>, <i><a href="The_Marriage_Ref_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Marriage Ref (U.S. TV series)">The Marriage Ref</a></i>, <i><a href="I'm_Telling_You_for_the_Last_Time" title="I'm Telling You for the Last Time">I'm Telling You for the Last Time</a></i>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>3

</td>

<td><a href="Terry_Fator" title="Terry Fator">Terry Fator</a>

</td>

<td>$21 million

</td>

<td>52

</td>

<td><i><a href="America's_Got_Talent" title="America's Got Talent">America's Got Talent</a></i>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>4

</td>

<td><a href="Amy_Schumer" title="Amy Schumer">Amy Schumer</a>

</td>

<td>$17 million

</td>

<td>36

</td>

<td><i><a href="Trainwreck_(film)" title="Trainwreck (film)">Trainwreck</a></i>, <i><a href="Inside_Amy_Schumer" title="Inside Amy Schumer">Inside Amy Schumer</a></i>, <i><a href="2015_MTV_Movie_Awards" title="2015 MTV Movie Awards">2015 MTV Movie Awards</a></i>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>5

</td>

<td><a href="Jeff_Dunham" title="Jeff Dunham">Jeff Dunham</a>

</td>

<td>$13.5 million

</td>

<td>55

</td>

<td><i><a href="Jeff_Dunham%3A_Spark_of_Insanity" title="Jeff Dunham: Spark of Insanity">Spark of Insanity</a></i>, <i><a href="Jeff_Dunham%3A_Arguing_with_Myself" title="Jeff Dunham: Arguing with Myself">Arguing with Myself</a></i>, <i><a href="Jeff_Dunham's_Very_Special_Christmas_Special" title="Jeff Dunham's Very Special Christmas Special">Jeff Dunham's Very Special Christmas Special</a></i>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>6

</td>

<td><a href="Dave_Chappelle" title="Dave Chappelle">Dave Chappelle</a>

</td>

<td>$60 million

</td>

<td>44

</td>

<td><i><a href="Dave_Chappelle's_Block_Party" title="Dave Chappelle's Block Party">Dave Chappelle's Block Party</a></i>, <i><a href="Half_Baked" title="Half Baked">Half Baked</a></i>, <i><a href="Chappelle's_Show" title="Chappelle's Show">Chappelle's Show</a></i>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>7

</td>

<td><a href="Jim_Gaffigan" title="Jim Gaffigan">Jim Gaffigan</a>

</td>

<td>$12.5 million

</td>

<td>51

</td>

<td><i><a href="Jim_Gaffigan%3A_Mr._Universe" title="Jim Gaffigan: Mr. Universe">Jim Gaffigan: Mr. Universe</a></i>, <i><a href="The_Jim_Gaffigan_Show" title="The Jim Gaffigan Show">The Jim Gaffigan Show</a></i>, <i><a href="It's_Kind_of_a_Funny_Story_(film)" title="It's Kind of a Funny Story (film)">It's Kind of a Funny Story</a></i>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>8

</td>

<td><a href="Gabriel_Iglesias" title="Gabriel Iglesias">Gabriel Iglesias</a>

</td>

<td>$9.5 million

</td>

<td>41

</td>

<td><i><a href="Hot_and_Fluffy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot and Fluffy">Hot and Fluffy</a></i>, <i><a href="The_Fluffy_Movie" title="The Fluffy Movie">The Fluffy Movie</a></i>, <i><a href="Gabriel_Iglesias_Presents_Stand_Up_Revolution" title="Gabriel Iglesias Presents Stand Up Revolution">Gabriel Iglesias Presents Stand Up Revolution</a></i>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>9

</td>

<td><a href="Russell_Peters" title="Russell Peters">Russell Peters</a>

</td>

<td>$9 million

</td>

<td>Canada

</td>

<td>47

</td>

<td><i><a href="Red%2C_White_and_Brown" title="Red, White and Brown">Red, White and Brown</a></i>, <i><a href="Outsourced_(album)" title="Outsourced (album)">Outsourced</a></i>, <i><a href="Breakaway_(2011_film)" title="Breakaway (2011 film)">Breakaway</a></i>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>10

</td>

<td><a href="John_Bishop" title="John Bishop">John Bishop</a>

</td>

<td>$7 million

</td>

<td>United Kingdom

</td>

<td>51

</td>

<td><i><a href="John_Bishop's_Britain" title="John Bishop's Britain">John Bishop's Britain</a></i>, <i><a href="The_John_Bishop_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="The John Bishop Show">The John Bishop Show</a></i>, <i><a href="Panto!" title="Panto!">Panto!</a></i>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<ul><li><a href="Comedy_genres" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedy genres">Comedy genres</a></li>

<li><a href="Humor" class="mw-redirect" title="Humor">Humor</a></li>

<li><a href="Impressionist_(entertainment)" title="Impressionist (entertainment)">Impressionist</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_comedians" title="List of comedians">List of comedians</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_humorists" title="List of humorists">List of humorists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_musical_comedians" title="List of musical comedians">List of musical comedians</a></li>

<li><a href="Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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</div>

<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i>Forbes</i> 2016 list appears to exclude people often regarded as comedians who are better known for other professions, despite having earned more than some in the list's top ten, including actors <a href="Adam_Sandler" title="Adam Sandler">Adam Sandler</a> and <a href="Melissa_McCarthy" title="Melissa McCarthy">Melissa McCarthy</a>, and <a href="Late-night_talk_show" title="Late-night talk show">late-night talk show</a> hosts <a href="Stephen_Colbert" title="Stephen Colbert">Stephen Colbert</a> and <a href="Jimmy_Fallon" title="Jimmy Fallon">Jimmy Fallon</a>.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080316092036/http://www.bartleby.com/63/93/8993.html">"Simpson's Contemporary Quotations, 1988"</a>. <i>Bartleby.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/63/93/8993.html">the original</a> on 2008-03-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAristophanes1996" class="citation book cs1">Aristophanes (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YhaawA_m9SEC&pg=PR9"><i>Lysistrata</i></a>. Nick Hern Books. pp. ix. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781854593252</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKippola2012" class="citation book cs1">Kippola, Karl M. (August 2012). "Conclusion: Affirming White Masculinity by Deriding the Other". <i>Acts of Manhood: The Performance of Masculinity on the American Stage, 1828–1865</i>. Palgrave Studies in Theatre and Performance History. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. <span class="nowrap">176–</span>77. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9781137068774">10.1057/9781137068774</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-349-34304-1</bdi>. <q><a href="Thomas_D._Rice" title="Thomas D. Rice">Thomas D. Rice</a> (1808–1860) originated the Jim Crow character, inspiring the minstrel show, which evolved into one of the most popular forms of variety entertainment through the end of the century and into the first distinctly American form of theatrical entertainment ... In the 1840s and 50s, the Virginia and Christy Minstrels built upon Rice's success, formalizing a three-act structure of music and humor, variety entertainment, and scenes from plantation life (or burlesques of popular plays). Appealing across class lines, the minstrel show employed archetypal characters, created derogatory and fictitious pictures of African American males, and provided a lens through which whites viewed blacks ... Frederick Douglass described the purveyors of minstrel entertainment as 'filthy scum of white society, who have stolen from us a complexion denied to them by nature, in which to make money, and pander to the corrupt taste of their white fellow citizens.' Minstrelsy relied on the promise of presenting 'real' Southern life.</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFParker2008" class="citation web cs1">Parker, Bethany (12 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.psu.edu/story/141330/2008/09/12/research/probing-question-what-are-roots-stand-comedy">"Probing Question: What are the roots of stand-up comedy?"</a>. Research. <i>PennState News</i>. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2019</span>. <q>American stand-up comedy has its beginnings in the minstrel shows of the early 1800s</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/vshtml/vsforms.html">"Forms of Variety Theater"</a>. American Variety Stage: Vaudeville and Popular Entertainment: 1870–1920. <i>Library of Congress</i> (exhibit)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2021</span>. <q>[T]he minstrel show was the most popular form of public amusement in the United States from the 1840s through the 1870s. It virtually ended, in its original form, by 1896, although vestiges lasted well into the twentieth century. Much humor in later comedy forms originated in minstrelsy and adapted itself to new topics and circumstances. The minstrel show also provided American burlesque and other variety forms with a prototypical three-part format. The minstrel show began with a 'walk around' with a verbal exchange between the 'end' men and the interlocutor. An 'olio,' or variety section, followed. Finally, a one-act skit completed the show.</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOliarSprigman2008" class="citation journal cs1">Oliar, Dotan; Sprigman, Christopher (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25470605">"There's No Free Laugh (Anymore): The Emergence of Intellectual Property Norms and the Transformation of Stand-Up Comedy"</a>. <i>Virginia Law Review</i>. <b>94</b> (8): 1843. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25470605">25470605</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2020</span>. <q>Stand-up's early roots can also be traced back to minstrel, a variety show format based in racial stereotypes which was widely performed in America between the 1840s and the 1940s. Minstrel acts would script dedicated ad-lib moments for direct actor-audience communication: these spots often were used for telling quick jokes.</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Karno-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karno_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karno_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McCabe, John. "Comedy World of Stan Laurel". p. 143. London: Robson Books, 2005, First edition 1975</span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/stand-up+comedy?s=t">"'stand-up comedy' definition"</a>. <i>Dictionary.reference.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald L. Smith, <i>Comedy on Record: The Complete Critical Discography</i> (1988), p. 624.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBurton2000" class="citation book cs1">Burton, Alan (2000). <i>Pimple, pranks & pratfalls: British film comedy before 1930</i>. Flicks Books. p. 51. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781862360105</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSigler,_Michael_S2001" class="citation web cs1">Sigler, Michael S (1 May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120326140923/http://www.montgomerycollege.edu/Departments/hpolscrv/msiegler.htm">"Charlie Chaplin Biography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.montgomerycollege.edu/Departments/hpolscrv/msiegler.htm">the original</a> on 26 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Hickerson-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hickerson_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hickerson, Jay. <i>The Ultimate History of Network Radio Programming and Guide to All Circulating Shows</i>. Hamden, Connecticut: Jay Hickerson, Box 4321, Hamden, CT 06514, second edition December 1992, page 92.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMeslow2015" class="citation web cs1">Meslow, Scott (January 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theweek.com/articles/469837/isseinfeld-funniest-sitcom-all-time">"Is Seinfeld the funniest sitcom of all time?"</a>. <i>The Week</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-27</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-12068221">"Ronnie Corbett Christmas return: Puns upon a time"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. December 24, 2010.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-auto-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2010" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, Alex (22 Sep 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chortle.co.uk/correspondents/2010/09/22/11771/missing_a_trick">"Missing a trick"</a>. <i>Chortle</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2011" class="citation web cs1">Turner, Dave (Jan 3, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQ9eqdqQLXw">"Richard Herring on Russell Howard's Good News Extra - Series 3"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>.</cite> Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/UQ9eqdqQLXw">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120730183735/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQ9eqdqQLXw">Wayback Machine</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-Kelland-Psychotic-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kelland-Psychotic_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKelland2014" class="citation news cs1">Kelland, Kate (16 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-comedians-psychotic-idUSBREA0F00M20140116">"Comedians have psychotic personality traits, study finds"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Seubsaeng-Study-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Seubsaeng-Study_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSuebsaeng2014" class="citation news cs1">Suebsaeng, Asawin (18 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2014/01/study-comedians-psychotic-traits-rob-delaney-steve-hofstetter">"Study Says Comedians Have Psychotic Personality Traits—Here's What Some Comedians Have To Say About That"</a>. <i>Mother Jones</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Cooper-White-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cooper-White_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCooper-White2014" class="citation news cs1">Cooper-White, Macrina (17 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/17/comedians-psychotic-personality-traits_n_4610414.html">"Comedians Have 'High Levels' Of Psychotic Personality Traits, New Study Shows"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFForbes2016" class="citation web cs1">Forbes (27 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/pictures/gjdm45ekfm/the-worlds-highest-paid/#78817008281c">"The World's Highest-Paid Comedians 2016"</a>. <i>Forbes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBerg,_Madeline2016" class="citation web cs1">Berg, Madeline (27 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2016/09/27/the-highest-paid-comedians-2016-kevin-hart-out-jokes-jerry-seinfeld-with-87-5-million-payday/#33790ddd1a62">"The Highest-Paid Comedians 2016: Kevin Hart Dethrones Jerry Seinfeld As Cash King Of Comedy With $87.5 Million Payday"</a>. <i>Forbes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDesta,_Yohana2016" class="citation web cs1">Desta, Yohana (27 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/09/forbes-highest-paid-comedians-amy-schumer">"Amy Schumer Is the First Woman to Land on Forbes' Highest-Paid Comedians List~"</a>. <i>Forbes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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</ol></div></div>

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</style><div id="Comedy299" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Comedy" title="Comedy">Comedy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

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<li><a href="Comedic_device" title="Comedic device">Comedic device</a></li>

<li><a href="Comedy_festival" title="Comedy festival">Comedy festival</a></li>

<li><a href="Comedy_troupe" title="Comedy troupe">Comedy troupe</a></li>

<li><a href="Comic_timing" title="Comic timing">Comic timing</a></li>

<li><a href="Farce" title="Farce">Farce</a></li>

<li><a href="Humorist" title="Humorist">Humorist</a></li>

<li><a href="Humour" title="Humour">Humour</a></li>

<li><a href="Impersonator" title="Impersonator">Impersonator</a></li>

<li><a href="Impressionist_(entertainment)" title="Impressionist (entertainment)">Impressionist</a></li>

<li><a href="Irony" title="Irony">Irony</a></li>

<li><a href="Off-color_humor" title="Off-color humor">Off-color humor</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ribaldry" title="Ribaldry">Ribaldry</a></li>

<li><a href="Sophomoric_humor" title="Sophomoric humor">Sophomoric humor</a></li>

<li><a href="Toilet_humour" title="Toilet humour">Toilet humour</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Prank_call" title="Prank call">Prank call</a></li>

<li><a href="Punch_line" title="Punch line">Punch line</a></li>

<li><a href="Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_gag" title="Visual gag">Visual gag</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="American_comedy_films" title="American comedy films">American</a></li>

<li><a href="British_comedy_films" title="British comedy films">British</a></li>

<li><a href="French_comedy_films" title="French comedy films">French</a></li>

<li><a href="Commedia_all'italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Italian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li>

<li><a href="Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Fantasy</a></li>

<li><a href="Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li>

<li><a href="Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li>

<li><a href="Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li>

<li><a href="Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li>

<li><a href="Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romance</a></li>

<li><a href="Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Science fiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Commedia_sexy_all'italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Italian</a></li>

<li><a href="Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li>

<li><a href="Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li>

<li><a href="Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li>

<li><a href="Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Comedy_(drama)" title="Comedy (drama)">Theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ancient_Greek_comedy" title="Ancient Greek comedy">Ancient Greek comedy</a></li>

<li><a href="Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a></li>

<li><a href="Com%C3%A9die-Italienne" title="Comédie-Italienne">Comédie-Italienne</a></li>

<li><a href="Corral_de_comedias" title="Corral de comedias">Corral de comedias</a></li>

<li><a href="Theatre_of_ancient_Rome" title="Theatre of ancient Rome">Theatre of ancient Rome</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_comedy" title="Chinese comedy">China</a>

<ul><li><a href="Xiangsheng" title="Xiangsheng">Xiangsheng</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Hong Kong

<li>Indonesia

<ul><li><a href="Lenong" title="Lenong">Lenong</a></li>

<li><a href="Ludruk" title="Ludruk">Ludruk</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Japan

<ul><li><a href="Ky%C5%8Dgen" title="Kyōgen">Kyōgen</a></li>

<li><a href="Manzai" title="Manzai">Manzai</a></li>

<li><a href="Owarai" title="Owarai">Owarai</a></li>

<li><a href="Rakugo" title="Rakugo">Rakugo</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarugaku" title="Sarugaku">Sarugaku</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Korean_comedy" title="Korean comedy">Korea</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Boulevard_theatre_(aesthetic)" title="Boulevard theatre (aesthetic)">Boulevard theatre</a></li>

<li><a href="Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Comedy drama</a></li>

<li><a href="Comedy_of_humours" title="Comedy of humours">Comedy of humours</a></li>

<li><a href="Comedy_of_manners" title="Comedy of manners">Comedy of manners</a></li>

<li><a href="Comedy_of_menace" title="Comedy of menace">Comedy of menace</a></li>

<li><a href="Commedia_dell'arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">Commedia dell'arte</a></li>

<li><a href="Double_act" title="Double act">Double act</a></li>

<li><a href="Improvisational_theatre" title="Improvisational theatre">Improvisational</a></li>

<li><a href="Macchietta" title="Macchietta">Macchietta</a></li>

<li><a href="One-person_show" class="mw-redirect" title="One-person show">One-person show</a></li>

<li><a href="Pantomime" title="Pantomime">Pantomime</a>

<ul><li><a href="Harlequinade" title="Harlequinade">Harlequinade</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Restoration_comedy" title="Restoration comedy">Restoration comedy</a></li>

<li><a href="Sentimental_comedy" title="Sentimental comedy">Sentimental comedy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Com%C3%A9die_larmoyante" title="Comédie larmoyante">Comédie larmoyante</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_play" title="Shadow play">Shadow play</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakespearean_comedy" title="Shakespearean comedy">Shakespearean comedy</a></li>

<li><a href="Sketch_comedy" title="Sketch comedy">Sketch comedy</a></li>

<li><a href="Stand-up_comedy" title="Stand-up comedy">Stand-up comedy</a></li>

<li><a href="Street_theatre" title="Street theatre">Street theatre</a></li>

<li><a href="Theatre_of_the_absurd" title="Theatre of the absurd">Theatre of the absurd</a></li>

<li><a href="Tragicomedy" title="Tragicomedy">Tragicomedy</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">Vaudeville</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Music<br>and dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ballad_opera" title="Ballad opera">Ballad opera</a></li>

<li><a href="Cabaret" title="Cabaret">Cabaret</a>

<ul><li><a href="Caf%C3%A9-chantant" title="Café-chantant">Café-chantant</a></li>

<li><a href="Caf%C3%A9-th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre" title="Café-théâtre">Café-théâtre</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Com%C3%A9die-ballet" title="Comédie-ballet">Comédie-ballet</a></li>

<li><a href="Comedy_club" title="Comedy club">Comedy club</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_music" title="Light music">Light music</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_hall" title="Music hall">Music hall</a></li>

<li><a href="Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">Musical theatre</a></li>

<li><a href="Op%C3%A9ra_bouffe" title="Opéra bouffe">Opéra bouffe</a></li>

<li><a href="Op%C3%A9ra_bouffon" title="Opéra bouffon">Opéra bouffon</a></li>

<li><a href="Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">Opera buffa</a></li>

<li><a href="Op%C3%A9ra_comique" title="Opéra comique">Opéra comique</a></li>

<li><a href="Operetta" title="Operetta">Operetta</a></li>

<li><a href="Revue" title="Revue">Revue</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Comedy_music" title="Comedy music">Music</a>

<ul><li><a href="Comedy_album" title="Comedy album">Album</a></li>

<li><a href="Parody_music" title="Parody music">Parody</a></li>

<li><a href="Novelty_song" title="Novelty song">Novelty</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_musical_comedians" title="List of musical comedians">Musical comedians</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Comic_novel" title="Comic novel">Novel</a></li>

<li><a href="Radio_comedy" title="Radio comedy">Radio</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_comedy" title="Television comedy">Television</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li>

<li><a href="Roast_(comedy)" title="Roast (comedy)">Roast</a></li>

<li><a href="Sitcom" title="Sitcom">Sitcom</a>

<ul><li><a href="Animated_sitcom" title="Animated sitcom">Animated sitcom</a></li>

<li><a href="Black_sitcom" title="Black sitcom">Black sitcom</a></li>

<li><a href="Teen_sitcom" title="Teen sitcom">Teen sitcom</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Comedic_genres" title="Comedic genres">Subgenres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alternative_comedy" title="Alternative comedy">Alternative</a></li>

<li><a href="Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li>

<li><a href="Character_comedy" title="Character comedy">Character</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_comedy" title="Christian comedy">Christian</a></li>

<li><a href="Clown" title="Clown">Clown</a></li>

<li><a href="Cringe_comedy" title="Cringe comedy">Cringe</a></li>

<li><a href="Deadpan" title="Deadpan">Deadpan</a></li>

<li><a href="Documentary_comedy" title="Documentary comedy">Documentary</a></li>

<li><a href="Insult_comedy" title="Insult comedy">Insult</a></li>

<li><a href="Observational_comedy" title="Observational comedy">Observational</a></li>

<li><a href="Physical_comedy" title="Physical comedy">Physical</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-referential_humor" title="Self-referential humor">Self-referential</a></li>

<li><a href="Shock_humour" title="Shock humour">Shock</a></li>

<li><a href="Slapstick" title="Slapstick">Slapstick</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_slapstick_comedy_topics" title="List of slapstick comedy topics">Topics</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Surreal_humour" title="Surreal humour">Surreal</a></li>

<li><a href="Ventriloquism" title="Ventriloquism">Ventriloquism</a></li>

<li><a href="Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3AComedy" title="Portal:Comedy">Portal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-18" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Comedian&oldid=1301189194">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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